8 inch floppy disks were 8 inches across. They came with a paper envelope to protect the exposed magnetic disk.
5¼ inch Floppy Disk and envelope
5¼” Floppy disks could store the same amount of information as an 8" floppy disk, but were a more convenient size. The magnetic disk still needed protection from an envelope when not in use.
3½ inch Floppy Disk
3½” Floppy disks could store a bit more than their predecessors. They were also much smaller, made out of stiff plastic, and had a built-in cover for the magnetic disk.
A disassembled 3.5" floppy disk
Parts include:
top and bottom of the case (black)
magnetic film disc
sliding cover
spring (to make the sliding cover move back over the disc
tiny black toggle (used to enable/disable read/write of disk)