Many students don't integrate quotes and paraphrased information properly into their papers. Remember that you need to:

• let the reader know a quotation or important information that you've paraphrased is coming by using a signal phrase (see examples below)
• follow that information with an in-text citation, so you are not plagiarizing
• provide the reader with an understanding of why you've included this information, by furnishing your summary/interpretation of the quotation or paraphrase.

Use the sources below to get some ideas and sample signal phrases to use.

When integrating direct quotes, or information you've paraphrased, think of it as building a sandwich.

The top bun is your introduction to the quotation or paraphrase. The meat of your sandwich is the actual quotation or paraphrase. The bottom bun is your explanation/interpretation of the importance and relevance of what you've just stated.

Signal phrases let your reader know that you are quoting or summarizing from another source. These are some signal phrases you can use that signals to the reader either a quotation or a paraphrase is coming. Be sure to close with your own interpretation of why the information is important and relevant to your topic.

Examples:

experts acknowledge ...
studies show ...
according to ...
adds ...
admits ...
agrees that ...
argues ...
asserts ...
believes ...
claims ...
comments ...
grants ...
illustrates ...
implies ...
insists ...
observes ...
compares ...
notes ...
confirms ...
contends ...
declares ...
points out ...
reasons ...
refutes ...
denies ...
disputes ...
rejects ...
reports ...
responds ...
emphasizes ...
endorses ...
suggests ...
thinks ...
writes ...